{"id":13553,"date":"2021-02-23T15:30:24","date_gmt":"2021-02-23T20:30:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/?p=13553"},"modified":"2024-07-22T18:17:07","modified_gmt":"2024-07-22T22:17:07","slug":"evali-continued-vape-ingredient-phytol-found-to-cause-severe-lung-injury","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/evali-continued-vape-ingredient-phytol-found-to-cause-severe-lung-injury\/","title":{"rendered":"EVALI Continued: Vape Ingredient Phytol Found to Cause Severe Lung Injury"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vaporizers such as vaping pens have become popular <a href=\"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/the-bioavailability-of-cannabis-through-various-delivery-methods\/\">methods of cannabis consumption<\/a>, especially since cannabis legalization gained ground over the last couple of years. Shortly before the COVID-19 pandemic hit the globe, America was facing a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/whatever-happened-to-the-vape-crisis-and-evali-epidemic\/\">vaping epidemic<\/a> they referred to as EVALI, which stands for \u201cE-cigarette or Vaping product use Associated Lung Injury\u201d. There are a lot of rumors about what was responsible for this epidemic. As it turns out, a new study has found that EVALI could be exacerbated by phytol. Phytol is a naturally occurring <a href=\"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/understanding-cannabis-terpenes-and-their-effects\/\">terpene<\/a> lauded for its antioxidant properties in products like green tea. But when phytol is used as an additive in vape liquid, research has found it can severely damage the lungs.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>A Quick Refresher on EVALI<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">EVALI was originally called VAPI, which stood for Vaping Associated Pulmonary Illness. However, VAPI soon earned the name EVALI, as growing numbers of severe lung illnesses began to develop. Many believed that ingredients such as propylene glycol or <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">vitamin E acetate were the primary causes of the illness. Both propylene glycol and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/vape-crisis-update-vitamin-e-acetate-occurs-naturally-in-cannabis\/\">vitamin E acetate<\/a> are often used as additives to THC-containing e-cigarettes, but a recently published study suggests that another ingredient, phytol, is substantially more harmful.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Symptoms:<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diagnosing EVALI happens by means of a process of elimination since the symptoms are so similar to many other respiratory diseases. The symptoms associated with EVALI include the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shortness of breath<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fever and chills<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cough\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vomiting\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diarrhea<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Headache<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dizziness<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rapid heart rate<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chest Pain<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Opacities (hazy spots on the lungs indicative of tissue damage)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>What Does the Study Say About the Cause of EVALI?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daniela Schwotzer, Andrew Gigliotti, and team published their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/08958378.2020.1867260?journalCode=iiht20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study<\/a> in the Inhalation Toxicology: International Forum for Respiratory Research and assessed \u201cphytol, not propylene glycol\u201d as the cause of \u201csevere pulmonary injury after inhalation dosing in Sprague-Dawley rats\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The team explains that additives are put into vaping products to ensure that the product has efficient product delivery, which often includes additives such as phytol and propylene glycol.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Phytol vs Propylene Glycol<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Phytol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The NIH describes phytol<\/a> as<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u201can acyclic diterpene (chemical) alcohol and a constituent of chlorophyll\u201d. This substance is used as a precursor for creating synthetic forms of vitamin E and vitamin K1. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Propylene-glycol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The NIH explains propylene glycol<\/a> as a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201csynthetic liquid substance that absorbs water\u201d. The substance is used by chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries as an antifreeze when there is a possibility of leakage, along with absorbing excess water and keeping certain products moist. Propylene Glycol is also sometimes used to create artificial smoke and was thought to be the cause of EVALI. The team explains that both phytol and propylene glycol are also utilized as thinning agents for vape liquid.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Schwotzer<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and her team compared phytol and propylene glycol in order to determine their potential toxicity and safety in vaping products. The team made use of male and female Sprague Dawley rats which were exposed to 5mg\/L of phytol or propylene glycol. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.albany.edu\/mcnaylab\/sd.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sprague Dawley rats<\/a> are a multipurpose breed of albino rats that are primarily used in medical research<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. While many do not advocate for using animals for testing, these rats are selected for their notoriously calm demeanor and because they are also easy to handle.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>The Study Finds That Phytol is Extremely Harmful<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Through exposing the rats to one (phytol) or the other (propylene glycol), the team was able to assess whether any clinical signs were expressed. They found that the rats which were exposed to phytol, \u201cexpressed severe clinical signs, bodyweight loss, and mortality\u201d after one to two days of exposure. Additionally, they found that the same rats suffered from \u201cdose-responsive tissue degeneration (or decline), necrosis (death of body tissue), edema (swelling), hemorrhage (bleeding), and inflammation (the fight against the harmful and foreign\u201d. Meanwhile, the rats which were exposed to high levels of propylene glycol did not present with any adverse reactions to the substance, not even after 14 days of exposure to the high dosage.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The team concluded by explaining that they do not recommend using vaping products which contain phytol since it has proven to develop adverse effects, while still not having a NOAEL, or No Observed Adverse Effect Level. However, propylene glycol has been established as safe with an established NOAEL at \u201c1151.7\/115.2\u2009mg\/kg\/day presented\/deposited dose in rats\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It appears as though the EVALI epidemic disappeared as quickly as the Covid-19 pandemic appeared and the overlapping emergence of both situations blur together causing widespread speculation. A resurgence of EVALI can be devastating, however, one has to wonder why America was the only country that seemed to be affected by EVALI. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/whatever-happened-to-the-vape-crisis-and-evali-epidemic\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As we reported previously, vaping is popular in the UK but they never reported having any EVALI cases<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which America was struggling with. Perhaps by understanding the true causes of EVALI, one being phytol, we can begin to understand why America suffered through the EVALI epidemic in the first place, as well as how to prevent a resurgence.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vaporizers such as vaping pens have become popular methods of cannabis consumption, especially since cannabis legalization gained ground over the last couple of years. Shortly before the COVID-19 pandemic hit the globe, America was facing a vaping epidemic they referred to as EVALI, which stands for \u201cE-cigarette or Vaping product use Associated Lung Injury\u201d. There&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":13599,"parent":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[254,255,259],"tags":[1876,8248,8249,8250,8252,8247,8031,8251],"class_list":["post-13553","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lifestyle","category-news","category-research","tag-cannabis-research","tag-evali","tag-phytol","tag-propylene-glycol","tag-pulmonary-health","tag-vape-crisis","tag-vaping","tag-vitamin-e-acetate"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.1 (Yoast SEO v26.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Phytol in Vapes Linked to Severe Lung Injury<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Remember the Vape Crisis? Scientists have found that phytol, an additive ingredient in e-cigarette vapes, causes severe lung damage.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/evali-continued-vape-ingredient-phytol-found-to-cause-severe-lung-injury\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"EVALI Continued: Vape Ingredient Phytol Found to Cause Severe Lung Injury\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Remember the Vape Crisis? Scientists have found that phytol, an additive ingredient in e-cigarette vapes, causes severe lung damage.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/evali-continued-vape-ingredient-phytol-found-to-cause-severe-lung-injury\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Cannabis Central\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/veriheal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-02-23T20:30:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-07-22T22:17:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/EVALI-Contd-Vape-Ingredient-Phytol-Found-to-Cause-Severe-Lung-Injury.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Chane Leigh\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@veriheal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@veriheal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Chane Leigh\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/evali-continued-vape-ingredient-phytol-found-to-cause-severe-lung-injury\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/evali-continued-vape-ingredient-phytol-found-to-cause-severe-lung-injury\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Chane Leigh\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/73d61739b251752028b4e59ddd92f03b\"},\"headline\":\"EVALI Continued: Vape Ingredient Phytol Found to Cause Severe Lung Injury\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-02-23T20:30:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-07-22T22:17:07+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/evali-continued-vape-ingredient-phytol-found-to-cause-severe-lung-injury\/\"},\"wordCount\":835,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/evali-continued-vape-ingredient-phytol-found-to-cause-severe-lung-injury\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/EVALI-Contd-Vape-Ingredient-Phytol-Found-to-Cause-Severe-Lung-Injury.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"cannabis research\",\"evali\",\"phytol\",\"propylene glycol\",\"pulmonary health\",\"vape crisis\",\"vaping\",\"vitamin e acetate\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Lifestyle\",\"News\",\"Research\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/evali-continued-vape-ingredient-phytol-found-to-cause-severe-lung-injury\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2021\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/evali-continued-vape-ingredient-phytol-found-to-cause-severe-lung-injury\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/evali-continued-vape-ingredient-phytol-found-to-cause-severe-lung-injury\/\",\"name\":\"Phytol in Vapes Linked to Severe Lung Injury\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/evali-continued-vape-ingredient-phytol-found-to-cause-severe-lung-injury\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/evali-continued-vape-ingredient-phytol-found-to-cause-severe-lung-injury\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/EVALI-Contd-Vape-Ingredient-Phytol-Found-to-Cause-Severe-Lung-Injury.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-02-23T20:30:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-07-22T22:17:07+00:00\",\"description\":\"Remember the Vape Crisis? 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