{"id":8810,"date":"2024-06-06T08:00:54","date_gmt":"2024-06-06T12:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/?p=8810"},"modified":"2024-06-06T16:50:06","modified_gmt":"2024-06-06T20:50:06","slug":"pinene","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/terpenes\/pinene\/","title":{"rendered":"Terpene Spotlight: Discovering the Benefits of Pinene"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The aroma coming from cannabis attracts many customers, as an array of soothing scents are offered by different strains. The same glands producing those smells, called trichomes, also produce the variety of color found on cannabis buds (or flowers), cannabinoids, and<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.veriheal.com\/blog\/understanding-cannabis-terpenes-and-their-effects\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">terpenes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Terpenes can produce a variety of distinctive flavors such as citrus, pepper, and earthy. Which brings us to the terpene in the spotlight\u2026pinene.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pinene happens to be one of the most researched terpenes found in cannabis. This terpene comes in two varieties, called \u2018alpha-pinene\u2019 and \u2018beta-pinene\u2019. The latter, beta-pinene, gives off a basil, dill, hops, and parsley aroma while the former, gives off a piney and rosemary aroma.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alpha-pinene, in all of its pine and rosemary glory, is significantly more common in cannabis. In fact, pinene is one of the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pharmrev.aspetjournals.org\/content\/73\/4\/1269#:~:text=In%20North%20American,in%20other%20chemovars.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">top 5 most common<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> cannabis terpenes, and can be dominant in certain chemovars.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pinene terpenes can be found in literally hundreds of other plants including, but obviously not limited to: basil, coriander, cedar, dill, eucalyptus, juniper, thyme, oranges, parsley, and pine and coniferous trees. Similarly, pinene-rich cannabis can be found in many strains, including all types of cannabis cultivars, with <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pharmrev.aspetjournals.org\/content\/73\/4\/1269#:~:text=The%20dominance%20of,as%20dominant%20terpenes.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">indicas generally having more pinene<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. To top it all off, it has its own possible benefits when it&#8217;s consumed.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><b>Pinene Therapeutic Benefits:<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to extensive research reviewed and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cannakeys.com\/pinene-terpene-research\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">compiled by CannaKeys<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the potential benefits of pinene include:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Known for its ability to produce <\/span><b>mental<\/b> <b>focus<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>boost<\/b> <b>energy<\/b> <b>levels<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acts as a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2255878\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>bronchodilator<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which means that it can improve airflow into the lungs, essentially helping asthmatics and others with lung-based conditions.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It also acts as an <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2590157522000153?via%3Dihub#:~:text=Several%20terpenes%20and,Park%2C%202021).\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>anti<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;<\/span><b>inflammatory<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> agent, which is useful for conditions involving inflammation, such as arthritis and neuropathic pain.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Is also shown to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7763918\/#:~:text=The%20%CE%B1%2Dpinene%20and%20%CE%B2%2Dpinene%20inhibits%20the%20activity%20of%20acetylcholinesterase%20in%20the%20brain.%20Therefore%2C%20it%20is%20claimed%20to%20aid%20memory%20and%20minimize%20cognitive%20dysfunction%20induced%20by%20THC%20intoxication%20%5B65%5D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>counter<\/b> <b>the short-term memory loss<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> effect associated with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Thus, making it a significant ingredient in cannabis products, especially those with higher THC contents.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A\u00a0 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7409346\/#:~:text=tumors%20%5B186%5D.-,Pinene,growth%20%5B191%5D.%0AReduced%20the%20number%20of%20tumor%20nodules%20%5B191%5D.,-N\/A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2020 review<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> shows that it can also be greatly beneficial in the <\/span><b>fight against cancer<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by killing multiple types of cancer cells and increasing the effectiveness of paclitaxel, a common chemo drug\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also has <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7763918\/#:~:text=The%20characteristic%20of%20pine%20scent%20possesses%20antiseptic%20activity%20%5B49%2C66%2C67%5D.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>antiseptic<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> properties that are used well in a topical ointment.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This terpene also has <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8912836\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>anti-viral<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> characteristics, which suggest possible utility in COVID-19 and IBV<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><b>Strains That Are High in Pinene<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some of your favorite and most popular chemovars that are high in pinene include:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Indica-Dominant Strains<\/b><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sweet Skunk Automatic<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bubba Kush<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dutch Treat (Top 4 Pinene Content)<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Romulan (Top 4 Pinene Content)<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><b>Sativa-Dominant Strains<\/b><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Haze Berry<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Royal Jack Automatic<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blue Dream (Top 4 Pinene Content)<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jack Herer (Top 4 Pinene Content)<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strawberry Cough<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><b>Hybrid Strains<\/b><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ChemDawg<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">OG Kush (There is an ongoing debate between whether it is classified as hybrid or Indica-dominant)<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Harlequin<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Penelope<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other strains that are high in pinene include: AC\/DC, Chemdawg, Trainwreck, Sour Diesel, Super Lemon Haze, Lemon Skunk, CBD Skunk Haze, Purple Kush, Blue Cheese, Finola, Futura, Banana Blaze, Master Kush, Blue Auto Mazar, Mokum\u2019s Tulip, Ultimate, Cinderella Jack, Outlaw Amnesia, Xtreme, White Widow, Frisian Dew, Purple No. 1, and Passion Fruit.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><strong><br \/>The Available Research<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The medicinal efficacy of pinene has been the focus of several studies for many conditions ranging from cancer to pain and epilepsy, mostly in preclinical settings. Let us take a look at some available research on the terpene. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<table style=\"height: 844px;\" width=\"586\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><b>Title<\/b><\/td>\r\n<td><b>Journal<\/b><\/td>\r\n<td><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/td>\r\n<td><b>Year<\/b><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.2478\/s11756-013-0230-2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cAntioxidative, Anticancer, and Genotoxic Properties of \u03b1-pinene on N2a Neuroblastoma Cells\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Medicine called \u2018Biologia\u2019<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provided evidence that pinene reduced cancer tumor size and the researchers stated that: \u201cOverall our results suggest that \u03b1-pinene is of limited therapeutic use as an anticancer agent.\u201d<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2013<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3165946\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cTaming THC: Potential Cannabis Synergy and Phytocannabinoid\u2010terpenoid Entourage Effects\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">British Journal of Pharmacology<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provided evidence of effective anti-inflammatory properties, as well as outlined the potential efficacy for inflammation-based patients. Researchers stated that it seems to be a broad-spectrum antibiotic.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2011<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6259611\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cComparative Anti-infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) Activity of Pinene\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Swiss Molecules<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Researchers concluded that the: \u201cResults presented here may suggest that \u03b1-pinene and \u03b2-pinene possess anti-IBV (Infectious Bronchitis Virus) properties and therefore are a potential source of anti-IBV ingredients for the pharmaceutical industry.\u201d<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2011<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12122569\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;Upper Airway and Pulmonary Effects of Oxidation Products of Alpha-Pinene, D-Limonene, and Isoprene\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Inhalation Toxicology<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provided evidence that pinene is an effective bronchodilator, making it valuable for asthma and other lung conditions. <\/span><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<table style=\"height: 54px;\" width=\"49\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<h2><b>Other Noteworthy Studies<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/sb4001382\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Microbial Synthesis of Pinene<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by Sarria, Wong, Martin, Keasling, and Peralta-Yahya<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26836472\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evolution of the Cannabinoid and Terpene Content during the Growth of Cannabis sativa Plants from Different Chemotypes<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by Aizpurua-Olaizola, Soydaner, Ozturk, Schibano, Simsir, Navarro, Etxebarria, and Usobiaga.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h2><b>Entourage Effects<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It must be made known that individual terpenes are typically consumed in tandem with other terpenes, which is the reason for the term \u2018entourage effect\u2019. The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3165946\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2011 research paper<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from Ethan Russo provides a comprehensive look at the interactions between cannabinoids and terpenes. Russo states that the entourage effect accounts for the manner in which cannabinoids and terpenes influence each other and modify one another\u2019s effects.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The paper essentially states that terpenes can modulate and potentiate the effects of cannabinoids. This means that the terpenoid composition in cannabis allows the terpenes to direct the type of high and effects. A full and strong terpene profile is believed to enhance and amplify the medical benefits accompanied by the cannabinoids in cannabis. By containing pinene, it can direct the medical benefits of that strain towards the list of associated benefits listed above.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pinene, one of the most well-researched and most common terpenes found in cannabis, is promising in its medicinal benefits and is responsible for the wonderful forest-like aroma coming from the buds containing it. When people say they have a \u201cclear-headed high\u201d, they\u2019re usually talking about a strain that is high in pinene. If you haven\u2019t given much thought into terpenes, I suggest that you start off by trying one of the recommended high-in-pinene strains and see the results for yourself.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<p><i>Note: The content on this page is for informational purposes only and is not intended to be professional medical advice. Do not attempt to self-diagnose or prescribe treatment based on the information provided. Always consult a physician before making any decision on the treatment of a medical condition. This article was originally published in 2020 and most recently updated in June 2024.<\/i><\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The aroma coming from cannabis attracts many customers, as an array of soothing scents are offered by different strains. The same glands producing those smells, called trichomes, also produce the variety of color found on cannabis buds (or flowers), cannabinoids, and terpenes. Terpenes can produce a variety of distinctive flavors such as citrus, pepper, and&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":35145,"parent":15399,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[259],"tags":[1568,1569],"class_list":["post-8810","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research","tag-pinene","tag-terpenes"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.1 (Yoast SEO v26.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Cannabis Central<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pinene has been shown to provide a wealth of medical benefits for our bodies. 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